The Second Act of the Industrial Revolution in Belgium, occurring in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked a transformative period characterized by innovation and expansion. Following the initial industrial boom that began in the early 1800s, Belgium emerged as a key player in the global economy, thanks to its rich natural resources, particularly coal and iron.
During this phase, advancements in technology, such as the widespread adoption of electricity, fundamentally altered production processes. Factories became more efficient, enabling mass production and lowering costs, which led to greater accessibility of goods. The booming textile and coal industries were complemented by the rapid development of steel production, which pivotally supported infrastructure growth, including railways and bridges.
The rise of urban centers attracted a labor force, significantly impacting social structures. While the economic expansion created wealth, it also introduced challenges like labor exploitation and poor living conditions. Mass movements began advocating for workers’ rights, shaping Belgium’s political landscape.
This second wave solidified Belgium’s reputation as an industrial powerhouse, showcasing a blend of resilience and innovation. By embracing modern technology and expanding its industrial base, Belgium laid the groundwork for future economic development and social reform that would resonate throughout Europe.
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